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频度副词
always/sometimes/usually/never 是频度副词 ，提问应该要用How often?
在句中的位置是：放在行为动词的前面，放在be动词的后面。也可以说“行前系后”。
E.g She is always kind.她总是很善良的。
She always helps other people.她总是帮助其他人。
不能出现这样的句子：She is always helps other people.(×)
一句话中不能同时出现两个动词。并且要注意主谓保持一致，尤其注意第三人称单数不可以忽略。
how often 与 how many times
how often 提问“频率次数+时间范围”
how many times 提问“频率次数”
e.g. —How often do you exercise? —Twice a week.
—How many times have you been there? —Twice.
副词
表示动作特征或性状特征。一般用来形容或修饰除了名词和代词以外的词，主要修饰形容词、动词、其他副词和句子。
He looks very happy.（修饰形容词）
The old lady is walking slowly now.（修饰动词）
Luckily, he got the first prize.（修饰句子）
形容词后面+ly构成副词:
slow—slowly slight—slightly quick—quickly careful—carefully fierce—fiercely
immediate—immediately gentle—gently lucky—luckily happy—happily
介词
What else do you do with your?你和你的还干什么？
With是个介词，后面接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。
With me/him/her/it/us /them 在具体的某一楼层只能用介词on，并且第几层还要用序数词 On the ground floor, on the first floor, on the fifteenth floor
具体的某一天介词只能用on
On Sunday, On Sunday morning,On the Open Day
he one on the left/right 左边/右边的这个 the one in the middle 中间的这个
如果是介词短语修饰the one，应该要放在the one后面 ，如果是形容词应放the one的中间the left/right one the middle one
at weekends= at the weekend在周末
现在完成时
现在完成时的构成是： have/has +动词的过去分词。
have/has been to 去过，到过 (表示现在已经回来)
have/has been in 住在 = have lived / stayed in
have/has gone to 去，到….. (表示现在还没有回来)
e.g. We have already been to Changfeng Park.
I have lived in Shanghai for thirteen years.
Have you been to …..yet? 你去过..吗？
Yes, I have already/just been to…./been there. 是的，我已经去过了。
No, I havent been to …/been there yet. 不，还没有去过。
already 已经(多用于肯定句，放于动词前)
yet 迄今，还(多用于疑问句和否定句，放于句末)
just 刚刚 (用法和位置和already相同)
e.g. I have already been to Lily’s home.
Have you been to Lily’s home yet?
No, I haven’t been to her home yet.
live / stay …for…在…住/待…(时间)
for +一段时间，多与现在完成时连用表示动作从过去延续到现在的一段时间，并用how long提问。
代词
one 用来指代一个人或事物，而ones用来指代一些人或事物。
定冠词the
定冠词the的用法：
a. 在球类运动前不加定冠词the play football / basketball / tennis, etc.
b. 在乐器前必须加定冠词the play the piano / violin, etc.
c. 在watching television中，不加定冠词the
时间表达方式
on the tenth of September / on September tenth 9月10日
two fifteen = a quarter past two 2:15
Three ten = ten past three 3:10
One thirty = half past one 1:30
two forty = twenty to three 2:40
half an hour = 30 minutes 用了half an hour后面就不能再有minutes
one and a half hours=one hour and a half 一个半小时
One hour and twenty minutes 一小时二十分钟
a.m./p.m.分别表示上午和下午。
First,…/Next,…/Then…/After that,…/Finally,…
Finally = at last = in the end
时间状语从句
…when… 当...的时候
引导时间状语从句，表示一个动作与另一个动作同一时间发生，或一个动作在另一个动作所延续的范围之内发生。主从句时态要一致。当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
What can you see when there is a typhoon? 当有台风时，你能看见什么？
When it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go out for a walk. 当明天天气不下雨时，我将出去散步。
交通工具
By bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferryride
take a bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferry
He goes to school by bus.=He takes a bus to school.
He goes to school by bike.=He rides his/a bike to school.=He cycles to school.
其他的交通工具都能用take来表示乘，但bike只能用ride a bike
on foot 步行 She goes to work on foot every day.=She walks to work every day.
数词、量词
a few 只能修饰可数名词，与可数名词的复数形式连用 a little 只能修饰不可数名词
some / a lot of 既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。当与可数名词连用时，只能与可数名词的复数形式连用
Some用在肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。
plenty of “许多，大量”，后面可跟不可数名词或可数名词复数
too much 太多+不可数名词
too many 太多+可数名词复数
e.g. Don’t drink too much cola. 不要喝太多的可乐。
Too many sweets are bad for your teeth. 吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。
too little 太少+不可数名词
too few 太少+可数名词复数
可以用not...enough （修饰可数或不可数名词）结构改写句子。
e.g. You eat too little fruit. = You don’t eat enough fruit.
less 更少+不可数名词 （less是little的比较级）
fewer 更少+可数名词 （fewer是few的比较级）
more 更多+可数名词、不可数名词 （more是many、much共同的比较级）
e.g. You should have less meat, fewer soft drinks and do more exercise. 你应该少吃肉，少喝软饮料，多做运动。
once 一次 twice 两次
三次及以上: 数字+times
a quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三
量词：a slice of /slices of; a tin of/ tins of; a bag of/ bags of; a piece of/ pieces of
问句
How many uncles do you have?你有多少个叔叔？
How many后面接可数名词的复数形式。
Why do you like?你为什么喜欢？ I likebecause我喜欢是因为
Which place shall we visit?我们将参加哪个地方？
When are we going to come back?我们将什么时候回来？
What kind of soup/fruit would you like?你想要哪种汤/水果？
What does this sign mean?这个标志意味着什么？
What does this sign mean?=what is the meaning of this sign?
Where can we find it?我们在哪里能找到它？
Which door must we use?我们必须要使用哪一扇门？
Would you like rice or noodles for dinner tonight?
你晚饭是想吃饭还是吃面条？or在这里是标示一种选择关系。
A:May I have some…,please?
B: Ok. Here you are./Sorry. I havent got any. May I…？用于提出请求。 回答时，表示允许，常用Ok。/Sure./All right./Yes, you may.
表示拒绝时，常用No, you may not./ Im afraid you cant. 并且may not不能用缩写的形式。
A:Would you like some…? B: Yes, please./No, thanks.
接受别人的请求时，应说Yes, please.；拒绝别人时，应说No, thanks.
I dont want any … because its/theyre (too) sweet/salty/spicy/sour/bitter
How often……？ “多久一次”，用于对时间频率提问。
情态动词
must 意为“必须”表示很重要或必要。 must not意为“不准”，表示不允许或禁止 must是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。
We mustnt eat or drink.
or用于否定句中表示“并列”
and用于肯定句中表示“并列”。
Dont talk loudly.=We mustnt talk loudly. 情态动词的一般疑问句就是把情态动词提前，后面照抄。句号改为问号。 Must we wait for the green man?
must作为情态动词表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”，注意由must提问的一般疑问句肯定回答用Yes, ……must ; 否定回答用No, you needn’t.
花钱花时间
cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱
Take以it作主语，通常是花费时间 It takes me 10 minutes to go to school.
Spend 以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。
Spend time/money on sth.
spend time/money in doing sth.
E.g I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事。
It takes me about fifteen minutes to go to school. 我去学校要花费15分钟。
How much does it cost?它花费多少钱？
How much was it?=How much did it cost?= What was the price of it? 它多少钱。
How long does it take you to get to 它花费你多长时间到达
地点、方位表述
near 离很近 后面直接接地点
I live near school.=My home is near school.我家离学校很近。
far away from=far from离很远
He lives far away from school.=His home is far from school.他家离学校很远
get to “ 到达 ” 表示“到达那里”只能说get there
He will arrive in Shanghai at two oclock. reach是个及物动词，后面直接接地点名词 I reach school / get to school
leave for 出发去……动身去……
leave A 离开A地 e.g. He will leave Shanghai.
leave for B 出发去B地e.g. He will leave for Tokyo.
leave A for B 离开A地去B地e.g. He will leave Shanghai for Tokyo.
arrive + in 大地方 (如国家、城市等范围较大的地方) e.g. arrive in China / Shanghai…
arrive + at 小地方 (如车站、学校等小范围的地方)e.g. arrive at the airport / school...
方位词：east / west / north / south / north-east / north-west / south-east / south-west
用法：a. 两地不相邻: e.g. A is north B. （= to the south of）
b. 两地接壤: e.g. A is on the north of B.
c. 所属关系，A包含B, B属于A: e.g. B is in the north of A.
表示提议的句型
Shall we have a picnic tomorrow?=Lets have a picnic tomorrow.
明天我们野餐怎么样？/我们明天去野餐吧！
Shall we…？/ Lets用于提出建议。
Shall是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。Lets…后面也是接动词原形。
Thats a good idea.那是个不错的主意。
-------Would you like some snacks?
-------No, thanks. I dont want any . I want some fruit.
How about = what about怎么样？
Why / Why not?为什么？/为什么不？
将来时
一般将来时：用于表示将来某个时间发生的动作或状态。常与tomorrow, next +时间词，in+一段时间, in the future等连用。
其动词形式有will/shall + do 或 is/am/are going to + do(动词原形)
will / be going to
will是个情态动词，没有人称的变化.
E.g He will arrive in Shanghai at two oclock.
I will meet them at the entrance.
Your parents will arrive at two oclock.
但是be going to有人称的变化.
He is going to go fishing tomorrow.
I am going to go fishing tomorrow.
They are going to go fishing tomorrow.
都是用来表将来的， 他们后面应该接动词的原形。
if引导的条件状语从句，当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。
If there is no rain, we will have no water to drink.如果没有雨，我们将没有水喝。
连词
连词主要连接两个简单句
并列连词有and并且，和; but但是; or或者，否则的话; so所以; for因为。
She cant read or write.她既不会读也不会写。
or用在否定句中表平列关系。and用在肯定句中表平列关系。 She can read and write.她既会读又会写。
also，too两个都可以表示“也”， also用在句中，但是too用在句尾，并且要用逗号隔开。
连词because引导原因状语从句。
比较级最高级
healthier than 比---- 健康
less healthy than 比----不健康 as healthy as 像---- 一样的健康 as unhealthy as像---- 一样的不健康
than用于比较级中 as... as用于原级比较
one of the most intelligent animals最聪明的动物之一
one of the most dangerous animals最危险的动物之一
one of the + 形容词最高级+ 名词的复数，表示“最……的之一”。
关系表达
用于三者或以上：most /some / all /none of them 他们中的大多数/一些/全部/全都不是
All of the bus drivers were men. 改否定句如下：
None of the bus drivers was a man. 或者None of the bus drivers were men.
用于两者之间：Both of my parents are engineers. 改否定句如下：
Neither of my parents is an engineer.
词组固定搭配
see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事
use sth. to do用某物来做
use sth. for doing用某物来做
like to do sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事
be kind to sb.对某人很友好
tell a lie = tell lies说谎
share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物
for the first time第一次
want sb. to do sth. = would like to do sth.想要做某事
need to do sth.需要做某事。
Invite sb to sp邀请某人去某地
have a great / good time 玩得开心，过的愉快
on the road在路上
wait for 等待
be late for school 迟到
find out查出，弄清
talk to sb. 对某人说，跟某人交谈。
talk about sb./sth.谈论关于某人/某事。
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
in the same place / in different places 在同一个地方/在不同地方
How much ...do we need ?我们需要多少... ...？
plan to do 计划做……
know about 知道/了解关于……的事情
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 给某人某物
forget doing 忘记做过……（已做）
forget to do忘记去做……（未做）
member用法与foeget相同
practise doing…练习做……，训练……
help do the housework 帮忙做家务
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某人做某事 = help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
learn to do sth. 学会做某事 learn—learnt—learnt
have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”
keep sb./sth. + adj. 保持某人或某物处于某种状态
instead of (doing) sth. 代替，而不是
be made of由……制成的（看得出原材料）
be made from由……制成的（看不出原材料）
be made by由（谁）制造的
be made in由（某地）制造的
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
stop to do sth. 停下去做某事
be important to sb. 对某人是重要的
be important for sb. to do sth. 对某人做某事是重要的
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
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发表于 2019-4-17 06:58
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